Products related to Closure:
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Justice and Efficiency in Mega-Litigation
Justice and Efficiency in Mega-Litigation explores the phenomenon of extremely long-running, resource-intensive civil litigation known as ‘mega-litigation’.Such litigation challenges the courts to reconcile the objectives of justice and efficiency – for the parties to the case and for the community.Drawing on interviews with judges of the courts of England and Wales, and of Australia, this book shows how judges have responded to these challenges. It situates mega-litigation within broader developments in civil procedure and case management, as well as theoretical debates about the role of courts and the purpose of civil procedure.The book highlights the importance of intensive, creative and flexible case management; focus on the issues in dispute; and, ultimately, each judge’s expert intuition.
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Climate Litigation and Justice in Africa
EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. In recent years, climate litigation has become an important subject of global scholarly and policy interest.However, developments within the Global South, particularly in Africa, have been largely neglected.This volume brings together an international team of contributors to provide a much-needed examination of climate litigation in Africa.The book outlines how climate litigation in Africa is distinct as well as pinpointing where it connects with the global conversation.Chapters engage with crucial themes such as human rights approaches to climate governance, corporate liability and the role of gender in climate litigation.Spanning a range of approaches and jurisdictions, the book challenges universal concepts around climate and the role of activism (including litigation) in seeking to advance climate governance.
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Strategic Human Rights Litigation : Understanding and Maximising Impact
Strategic human rights litigation (SHRL) is a growing area of international practice yet one that remains relatively under-explored.Around the globe, advocates increasingly resort to national, regional and international courts and bodies ‘strategically’ to protect and advance human rights.This book provides a framework for understanding SHRL and its contribution to various forms of personal, legal, social, political and cultural change, as well as the many tensions and challenges it gives rise to.It suggests a reframing of how we view the impact of SHRL in its multiple dimensions, both positive and negative.Five detailed case studies, drawn predominantly from the author’s own experience, explore litigation in a broad range of contexts (genocide in Guatemala; slavery in Niger; forced disappearance in Argentina; torture and detention in the ‘war on terror’; and Palestinian land rights) to reveal the complexity of the role of SHRL in the real world.Ultimately, this book considers how impact analysis might influence the development of more effective litigation strategies in the future.
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Strategies of Compliance with the European Court of Human Rights : Rational Choice Within Normative Constraints
In Strategies of Compliance with the European Court of Human Rights, Andreas von Staden looks at the nature of human rights challenges in two enduring liberal democracies—Germany and the United Kingdom.Employing an ambitious data set that covers the compliance status of all European Court of Human Rights judgments rendered until 2015, von Staden presents a cross-national overview of compliance that illustrates a strong correlation between the quality of a country's democracy and the rate at which judgments have met compliance.Tracing the impact of violations in Germany and the United Kingdom specifically, he details how governments, legislators, and domestic judges responded to the court's demands for either financial compensation or changes to laws, policies, and practices. Framing his analysis in the context of the long-standing international relations debate between rationalists who argue that actions are dictated by an actor's preferences and cost-benefit calculations, and constructivists, who emphasize the influence of norms on behavior, von Staden argues that the question of whether to comply with a judgment needs to be analyzed separately from the question of how to comply.According to von Staden, constructivist reasoning best explains why Germany and the United Kingdom are motivated to comply with the European Court of Human Rights judgments, while rationalist reasoning in most cases accounts for how these countries bring their laws, policies, and practices into sufficient compliance for their cases to be closed.When complying with adverse decisions while also exploiting all available options to minimize their domestic impact, liberal democracies are thus both norm-abiding and rational-instrumentalist at the same time—in other words, they choose their compliance strategies rationally within the normative constraint of having to comply with the Court's judgments.
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What do force closure, form closure, and material closure mean?
Force closure, form closure, and material closure are concepts in mechanical engineering related to the stability and equilibrium of a system. Force closure refers to the condition where external forces alone are sufficient to maintain the stability of a system. Form closure occurs when the geometric shape of the components provides stability without the need for external forces. Material closure involves the use of friction or other material properties to maintain stability within a system. These concepts are important in designing structures and mechanisms to ensure their stability and functionality.
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What do power transmission, form closure, and material closure mean?
Power transmission refers to the transfer of energy from one component to another within a system. Form closure is achieved when two or more components fit together perfectly, ensuring stability and preventing movement. Material closure involves the use of materials that are strong and durable, providing structural integrity and support within a system.
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What about the business closure and potential warranty claims in case of closure?
In the event of a business closure, customers may still be able to make warranty claims depending on the terms and conditions of the warranty. If the business has a warranty provider or insurer, customers may need to contact them directly to make a claim. It's important for businesses to communicate with their customers about any potential closure and provide guidance on how to proceed with warranty claims. Additionally, businesses should consider setting aside funds or assets to cover potential warranty claims in the event of closure.
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Is the chain closure broken?
Without further context or information, it is difficult to determine if the chain closure is broken. It is important to visually inspect the chain closure for any visible damage or issues. If there are signs of breakage, such as missing or damaged links, then the chain closure may be broken. It is recommended to have a professional assess the chain closure to determine if it needs to be repaired or replaced.
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Tort Liability in Warfare : States' Wrongs and Civilians' Rights
In the turbulent arena of armed conflicts, Tort Liability in Warfare: States' Wrongs and Civilians' Rights emerges as a groundbreaking exploration of civilians' legal recourse against states for losses to life, bodily integrity, and property. With a fresh perspective informed by corrective justice, the law of war, and substantive rule of law principles, Haim Abraham constructs a novel framework for understanding the moral and legal obligation of states to civilians in the aftermath of combat, and proposes that existing domestic tort law could and should address wrongful losses in this context.This book boldly confronts the prevailing academic and legal orthodoxy which dismisses the application of tort law in times of war, and offers a framework that empowers individuals to vindicate their rights and acts as a bulwark against abuse of public power. By reviewing and analyzing the applicability of tort law to peacekeeping, urban warfare, counter-terrorism activities, and long-range warfare in Australia, Canada, England, Israel, and the United States, the book offers real world insights on how tort liability can serve as a mechanism for reparations and accountability. Tort Liability in Warfare is a clarion call for a shift in legal paradigms, urging a path towards effective remedies for civilians caught in the crossfire of nations at war.It is an essential read for legal scholars, practitioners, and anyone invested in the pursuit of justice in the complex landscape of armed conflict.This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence.
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Closure
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Closure
While it proved to be something of an opinion splitter among their fanbase on release in 2001, Integrity's sixth studio album 'Closure' actually represents the duality in the band pretty accurately. Post-hardcore tracks (including covers of Mighty Sphincter and Misfits songs) rub up next to atmospheric post-rock.
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Play and Social Justice : Equity, Advocacy, and Opportunity
The importance of play for healthy development is undeniable.Aspects of play have been linked to the development of social skills, health and fitness, motivation, curiosity, innovation, imagination, and problem solving.Both theory and research suggest that play of various types is critical for healthy development and that playfulness is an important quality across the life span.However, opportunities to play and quality of play facilities in schools, after-school programs, childcare centers, community parks, and museums are not equitable by race, socio-economic status, and ability. And racial profiling, immigrant status, illness, and incarceration interfere with child’s play.The first section of the book defines play and social justice and describes disparities in play opportunities in childcare, schools, and communities as well as inequities in how play is interpreted.The next section describes pre-school, elementary, high school, and university programs that use play to liberate, teach, and build community as well as after-school, hospital, and community programs that help to level the playing field of opportunity.The final part of the book discusses ways to ameliorate inequities through research and advocacy.Four research methods are described that are useful for conducting studies on the amount of play children experience, attitudes toward play, and the effect of play on other variables.Finally, a child, a parent, and a teacher describe ways they tried to obtain more recess, using various methods of advocacy.The appendix provides resources indispensable for those convinced that play for all is indeed a social justice issue worthy of advocacy.
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What is a hoop closure?
A hoop closure is a type of fastening mechanism used in jewelry, particularly in earrings. It consists of a small metal wire that is inserted through the earlobe and then secured by bending the wire into a loop or hook shape. This type of closure is popular for its simplicity and security, as it ensures that the earring stays in place while being worn. Hoop closures are commonly used in hoop earrings and other types of dangling or hoop-style jewelry.
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What is a phase closure?
Phase closure is a technique used in interferometry to ensure the accuracy of the measured phase difference between two signals. It involves comparing the phase difference measured at different baselines or time intervals to ensure consistency and accuracy. Phase closure is important for calibrating and correcting for errors in interferometric measurements, particularly in radio astronomy and optical interferometry. By ensuring phase closure, researchers can accurately reconstruct the image or data from the interferometric measurements.
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What is angle-closure glaucoma?
Angle-closure glaucoma is a type of glaucoma that occurs when the drainage angle of the eye becomes blocked, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. This can happen when the iris bulges forward and blocks the drainage angle, preventing the normal outflow of fluid from the eye. This sudden increase in pressure can cause symptoms such as severe eye pain, headache, nausea, and blurred vision. Angle-closure glaucoma is considered a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment to prevent permanent vision loss.
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What does relentless closure mean?
Relentless closure refers to the persistent and unwavering pursuit of achieving a final resolution or decision. It involves a determined effort to bring a situation to a definitive end, often through continued focus, perseverance, and determination. Relentless closure can be seen as a commitment to seeing a task through to its completion, regardless of any obstacles or challenges that may arise.
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